diff --git a/.github/workflows/update-constraints-on-push.yml b/.github/workflows/update-constraints-on-push.yml
index ba55e09d9eb2e..4c84567e23db5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/update-constraints-on-push.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/update-constraints-on-push.yml
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ jobs:
       default-python-version: ${{ steps.selective-checks.outputs.default-python-version }}
       python-versions: ${{ steps.selective-checks.outputs.python-versions }}
       python-versions-list-as-string: ${{ steps.selective-checks.outputs.python-versions-list-as-string }}
+      constraints-baseline-sha: ${{ steps.constraints-baseline.outputs.sha }}
     steps:
       - name: "Cleanup repo"
         shell: bash
@@ -129,6 +130,19 @@ jobs:
           VERBOSE: "false"
           GITHUB_CONTEXT_INPUT: "${{ runner.temp }}/github_context.json"
         run: breeze ci selective-check 2>> ${GITHUB_OUTPUT}
+      # Recorded before the constraints are generated, so any commit landing on the branch while
+      # this run works - a release candidate's constraints above all - stops the publish below
+      # instead of being overwritten by pins resolved against the older baseline.
+      - name: "Record the constraints baseline"
+        id: constraints-baseline
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          CONSTRAINTS_BRANCH: ${{ steps.selective-checks.outputs.default-constraints-branch }}
+        run: |
+          sha="$(git ls-remote "https://github.com/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}" \
+            "refs/heads/${CONSTRAINTS_BRANCH}" | cut -f1)"
+          echo "sha=${sha}" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+          echo "Constraints baseline: ${CONSTRAINTS_BRANCH} @ ${sha:-<branch does not exist yet>}"
       - name: "Parameters summary"
         shell: bash
         env:
@@ -217,6 +231,20 @@ jobs:
           ref: ${{ env.CONSTRAINTS_BRANCH }}
           persist-credentials: true
           fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: "Check ${{ env.CONSTRAINTS_BRANCH }} did not move while the constraints were generated"
+        working-directory: "constraints"
+        env:
+          BASELINE_SHA: ${{ needs.build-info.outputs.constraints-baseline-sha }}
+        run: |
+          current_sha="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+          if [[ -n "${BASELINE_SHA}" && "${current_sha}" != "${BASELINE_SHA}" ]]; then
+            echo "::error::${CONSTRAINTS_BRANCH} moved from ${BASELINE_SHA} to ${current_sha}" \
+              "while this run generated its constraints. Publishing would overwrite those commits" \
+              "with pins resolved against the older baseline. Re-run the workflow so it starts" \
+              "from the current branch."
+            git log --oneline "${BASELINE_SHA}..${current_sha}" || true
+            exit 1
+          fi
       - name: "Download constraints from the generate-constraints job"
         uses: actions/download-artifact@9000827ccba6bdab643e8b6fd33ac0654aef8333  # v8.0.2
         with:
diff --git a/dev/MANUALLY_GENERATING_IMAGE_CACHE_AND_CONSTRAINTS.md b/dev/MANUALLY_GENERATING_IMAGE_CACHE_AND_CONSTRAINTS.md
index cd07deec80bed..b40f1f59c1d33 100644
--- a/dev/MANUALLY_GENERATING_IMAGE_CACHE_AND_CONSTRAINTS.md
+++ b/dev/MANUALLY_GENERATING_IMAGE_CACHE_AND_CONSTRAINTS.md
@@ -284,6 +284,12 @@ To run it:
 
    https://github.com/apache/airflow/commits/constraints-<major>-<minor>/
 
+   If the run instead fails with "moved ... while this run generated its constraints", something
+   else committed to that branch while it was working - typically the `Release constraints`
+   workflow pinning a release candidate. The run refuses to overwrite that commit with pins
+   resolved against the older baseline; run it again so it starts from the current branch.
+   Automatic `uv.lock`-push runs behave the same way.
+
 > [!NOTE]
 > Because `v3-3-test` and `v3-3-stable` can diverge while RCs are being voted on (fixes are
 > cherry-picked to `v3-3-test`), be deliberate about which `ref` you refresh from. Refresh from