diff --git a/bench/ast_resolver_no_cloning_bench.php b/bench/ast_resolver_no_cloning_bench.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e2e94826829
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bench/ast_resolver_no_cloning_bench.php
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * Benchmark for AstResolver parsing of reflected class files.
+ *
+ * Resolves every class under src/ through AstResolver::resolveClassFromName(), which parses
+ * and scope-decorates each file once and caches the stmts. The cache is reset between repeats
+ * so every repeat re-parses. Measures CPU (user+sys) and the memory retained by the cache.
+ *
+ * Run on both branches to compare:
+ *   php bench/ast_resolver_no_cloning_bench.php
+ */
+
+use Rector\DependencyInjection\LazyContainerFactory;
+use Rector\PhpParser\AstResolver;
+
+require __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
+
+const REPEAT = 5;
+
+$rectorConfig = (new LazyContainerFactory())->create();
+$rectorConfig->boot();
+
+/** @var AstResolver $astResolver */
+$astResolver = $rectorConfig->make(AstResolver::class);
+
+$classNames = [];
+$iterator = new RecursiveIteratorIterator(new RecursiveDirectoryIterator(__DIR__ . '/../src/PhpParser'));
+foreach ($iterator as $fileInfo) {
+    if ($fileInfo->getExtension() !== 'php') {
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    $contents = (string) file_get_contents($fileInfo->getPathname());
+    if (preg_match('#^namespace (.+);#m', $contents, $namespaceMatch) !== 1) {
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    if (preg_match('#^(?:final |abstract |readonly )*(?:class|interface|trait|enum) (\w+)#m', $contents, $classMatch) !== 1) {
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    $classNames[] = $namespaceMatch[1] . '\\' . $classMatch[1];
+}
+
+$parsedFileNodesProperty = new ReflectionProperty(AstResolver::class, 'parsedFileNodes');
+
+$cpuSeconds = static function (): float {
+    $usage = getrusage();
+    return $usage['ru_utime.tv_sec'] + $usage['ru_utime.tv_usec'] / 1_000_000
+        + $usage['ru_stime.tv_sec'] + $usage['ru_stime.tv_usec'] / 1_000_000;
+};
+
+$run = static function () use ($astResolver, $classNames, $parsedFileNodesProperty): int {
+    $parsedFileNodesProperty->setValue($astResolver, []);
+    gc_collect_cycles();
+    $memoryBefore = memory_get_usage();
+
+    $resolved = 0;
+    foreach ($classNames as $className) {
+        if ($astResolver->resolveClassFromName($className) !== null) {
+            ++$resolved;
+        }
+    }
+
+    gc_collect_cycles();
+    $GLOBALS['retainedMemory'] = memory_get_usage() - $memoryBefore;
+
+    return $resolved;
+};
+
+// warm up autoloading / reflection, excluded from timing
+$resolved = $run();
+
+$cpuStart = $cpuSeconds();
+for ($repeat = 0; $repeat < REPEAT; ++$repeat) {
+    $run();
+}
+
+$cpu = $cpuSeconds() - $cpuStart;
+
+printf('AstResolver::resolveClassFromName benchmark%s', PHP_EOL);
+printf('  classes=%d resolved=%d repeat=%d%s', count($classNames), $resolved, REPEAT, PHP_EOL);
+printf('  cpu=%.4fs  retained-cache-memory=%.2f MB  peak=%.2f MB%s', $cpu, $GLOBALS['retainedMemory'] / 1024 / 1024, memory_get_peak_usage() / 1024 / 1024, PHP_EOL);
diff --git a/src/PhpParser/AstResolver.php b/src/PhpParser/AstResolver.php
index b6d2a03eb01..37c5f3b400a 100644
--- a/src/PhpParser/AstResolver.php
+++ b/src/PhpParser/AstResolver.php
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 use PHPStan\Reflection\Php\PhpPropertyReflection;
 use PHPStan\Reflection\ReflectionProvider;
 use Rector\NodeNameResolver\NodeNameResolver;
-use Rector\NodeTypeResolver\NodeScopeAndMetadataDecorator;
 use Rector\NodeTypeResolver\NodeTypeResolver;
+use Rector\NodeTypeResolver\PHPStan\Scope\PHPStanNodeScopeResolver;
 use Rector\PhpParser\Node\BetterNodeFinder;
 use Rector\PhpParser\Parser\RectorParser;
 use Rector\Reflection\MethodReflectionResolver;
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ final class AstResolver
 
     public function __construct(
         private readonly RectorParser $rectorParser,
-        private readonly NodeScopeAndMetadataDecorator $nodeScopeAndMetadataDecorator,
         private readonly NodeNameResolver $nodeNameResolver,
         private readonly ReflectionProvider $reflectionProvider,
         private readonly NodeTypeResolver $nodeTypeResolver,
         private readonly MethodReflectionResolver $methodReflectionResolver,
         private readonly BetterNodeFinder $betterNodeFinder,
+        private readonly PHPStanNodeScopeResolver $phpStanNodeScopeResolver
     ) {
     }
 
@@ -289,9 +289,9 @@ private function parseFileNameToDecoratedNodes(?string $fileName): array
             throw $throwable;
         }
 
-        return $this->parsedFileNodes[$fileName] = $this->nodeScopeAndMetadataDecorator->decorateNodesFromFile(
+        return $this->parsedFileNodes[$fileName] = $this->phpStanNodeScopeResolver->processNodes(
+            $stmts,
             $fileName,
-            $stmts
         );
     }