[Dhruvraj-Rana]

Fixes #9018.

RetryUtil currently uses Long.parseLong for Retry-After delay-seconds, which also accepts a leading sign and non-ASCII digits. Consequently, headers such as +30 and -0 override the normal retry backoff despite being malformed under RFC 9110 section 10.2.3, where delay-seconds is 1*DIGIT.

Validate that a parsed numeric value contains only ASCII digits before using it as a delay. Malformed numeric values return an empty OptionalLong, allowing the existing retry policy to apply. Valid zero and leading-zero values remain supported, and the HTTP-date parsing path is unchanged.

The parameterized tests cover positive signs, negative zero, non-ASCII digits, empty input, zero, and leading zeros alongside the existing seconds and date cases.

Validation on Java 25:

• Added regression cases fail on the original implementation (3 failures out of 12 cases).
• All 12 parser cases pass with the fix.
• ./gradlew :exporters:common:spotlessApply :exporters:common:check passes: 105 tests across the main, sender-provider, and without-Unsafe suites, with no failures or skips. Checkstyle, Spotless, Animal Sniffer, and jApiCmp pass.
• git diff --check passes. No generated API diff files changed.

The full repository and CI platform/JDK matrix were not run; validation is scoped to the affected module.

[linux-foundation-easycla]

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• ✅ login: Dhruvraj-Rana / name: Dhruvraj Rana (5e9c8e6)

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 90.37%. Comparing base (f02bddc) to head (b3f0e0a).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##               main    #9019      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     90.35%   90.37%   +0.02%     
- Complexity    11017    11021       +4     
============================================
  Files          1021     1021              
  Lines         30128    30130       +2     
  Branches       3933     3934       +1     
============================================
+ Hits          27221    27230       +9     
+ Misses         1953     1941      -12     
- Partials        954      959       +5     

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